Protein post-translational modification involved in nearly all cells in the normal life activities,and play a very important role in the regulation,which has become an extremely important area for studying of the protein.Common types of protein post-translational modifications include ubiquitination,acetylation,phosphorylation,methylation,glycosylation and so on.Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry(FT-ICR MS) has shown powerful performance due to the merits of ultrahigh resolution,high accuracy,broadband,fast,reliable performance.FT-ICR MS has unique advantages in determining the location and modified structure of protein post-translational modification.This work reviewed and discussed the application of FT-ICR MS in protein post-translational modification.