In this paper,different flame retarding techniques of polyurethane are critically reviewed.The fire retardants are introduced in the polyurethane either as additives or combined with the reaction nuclei produced in the initial stage of polyurethane decomposition process to form more stable products.The related flame retarding mechanisms are discussed in detail.The techniques for more environmentally friendly flame retardants are also briefly mentioned.Results are useful for designing more thermally stable polyurethane-based materials.