Objective To evaluate the influence and toxic effect of dexamethasone on the developing and functions of the cultured mice retinal neurons. Methods The rabbit retinal glial cell was cultured first. The mice retinal fragments was planted on them.When the neurons are growing, different dosage of dexamethasone was administered into the culture medium, then the primary cell branch was observed and recorded.Results The HDG,MDG and LDG dexamethasone have negative functions on the mice retinal neurons, which reduce the branch of the neurons. Conclusion The results shows an injection of dexamethasone into vitreous can bring about negative effect to some degree.