Management of Bone Defects of the Foot and Ankle

Effective management of bone loss in foot and ankle surgery requires the application of a wide variety of techniques and implants. Autograft, allograft, cement spacers, bone transport, and recently custom titanium cages are all methods that can effectively manage bone defects. This article serves as an overview and technical guide for the indications and applications of these techniques with demonstrative case examples. Level of Evidence : Diagnostic Level V. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.