TEORIJE KAPITALNE STRUKTURE

The decision to finance a company is one of the most important decisions that financial managers must consider and determine in the financial market. It includes a number of factors that need to be worked out in order to achieve profitability, settle liabilities, make a profit and achieve a successful business. Accordingly, except property, managers must determine the capital structure in the company. The capital structure is a source of financing for the company, ie a combination of equity and debt with which the company is financed. It is actually the ratio of a company’s debt to equity. While the financial structure measures the entire liabilities of the company, the capital structure implies only long-term sources of financing. The purpose of analyzing and determining the capital structure is to enable managers to determine the riskiness of a company. A company whose debt capital is higher than its own is much riskier because debt capital has an advantage in billing. Also, the cost of equity is higher than the cost of debt capital due to the fact that equity has no advantage in biling and, consequently, the risk in such companies is higher. Many theories in the literature give different opinions on the structure of capital and on decisionmaking in determining it. There are determinants that positively but also negatively affect the capital structure and it is necessary that those responsible for forming the capital structure before making a decision are familiar with the main theories of capital structure and determinants that are important and that affect the capital structure and then take into account preferred characteristics. and personal judgment. Many opinions on the effect of capital structure on the value of a company are passed through scientific papers. Thus, the theory of Miller and Modigliani states that if the capital market functions properly without levies and taxes, the value of the company does not depend on the capital structure, ie it is not possible to increase the value of a company by changing the capital structure, ie long-term sources of financing.