Bioactive compounds in foxtail millet (Setaria italica)-extraction, biochemical activity, and health functional: A Review

Abstract Foxtail millet ( Setaria italica ) is one of the important millets in south-east Asia yet it is less exploited. Foxtail millet contains bioactive compounds as phenolics, bioactive peptides, carotenoids, and tocols that has health physiological function. This review presents information on the extraction technique, biochemical activities, health-functional properties of foxtail millet. The extraction efficiency of bioactive compounds is influenced by the method and solvent. Fermentation of foxtail millet which produces bioactive peptides can also increase the antioxidant content. Phenolics in foxtail millet are most bioavailable in gastrointestinal digestion and protein hydrolysate had the highest antioxidant activity in hydrophobic form. Bioactive compounds were also displayed many health benefits and biological activities, including anti-proliferative, hyperglycaemia, and hypertensive prevention.