Survival protein anoctamin‐6 controls multiple platelet responses including phospholipid scrambling, swelling, and protein cleavage

Scott syndrome is a rare bleeding disorder, characterized by altered Ca2+-dependent platelet signaling with defective phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure and microparticle formation, and is linked to mutations in the ANO6 gene, encoding anoctamin (Ano)6. We investigated how the complex platelet phenotype of this syndrome is linked to defective expression of Anos or other ion channels. Mice were generated with heterozygous of homozygous deficiency in Ano6, Ano1, or Ca2+-dependent KCa3.1 Gardos channel. Platelets from these mice were extensively analyzed on molecular functions and compared with platelets from a patient with Scott syndrome. Deficiency in Ano1 or Gardos channel did not reduce platelet responses compared with control mice (P > 0.1). In 2 mouse strains, deficiency in Ano6 resulted in reduced viability with increased bleeding time to 28.6 min (control 6.4 min, P< 0.05). Platelets from the surviving Ano6-deficient mice resembled platelets from patients with Scott syndrome in: 1) normal collagen-induced aggregate formation (P > 0.05) with reduced PS exposure (–65 to 90%); 2) lowered Ca2+-dependent swelling (–80%) and membrane blebbing (–90%); 3) reduced calpain-dependent protein cleavage (–60%); and 4) moderately affected apoptosis-dependent PS exposure. In conclusion, mouse deficiency of Ano6 but not of other channels affects viability and phenocopies the complex changes in platelets from hemostatically impaired patients with Scott syndrome.—Mattheij, N. J. A., Braun, A., van Kruchten, R., Castoldi, E., Pircher, J., Baaten, C. C. F. M. J., Wülling, M., Kuijpers, M. J. E., Köhler, R., Poole, A. W., Schreiber, R., Vortkamp, A., Collins, P. W., Nieswandt, B., Kunzelmann, K., Cosemans, J. M. E. M., Heemskerk, J. W. M. Survival protein anoctamin-6 controls multiple platelet responses including phospholipid scrambling, swelling, and protein cleavage. FASEB J. 30, 727-737 (2016). www.fasebj.org