Bioinspired All-in-One Three-Dimensional Dynamic CellMatrix Improves the Manufacture of Therapeutically Qualified Cells for Cell Therapy

Despite the great promise, cell therapy still faces practical challenges because of the scarcity of a reliable cell source. Herein, a bioinspired 3D dynamic culture system (CellMatrix) with rational structure, composite and function, was developed for improving cell supply. CellMatrix was composed of unique core–shell fibers with a core of black phosphorus-incorporated fibroin and a shell of sericin, which together formed a 3D silkworm cocoon-mimicking structure via a bottom-up fabrication technique. CellMatrix not only provided optimal engineered biomimetic niche to facilitate cell growth but exhibited good photothermal conversion to dynamically regulate cell fates. Importantly, cell–CellMatrix construct could be directly implanted into defected tissues and improved tissue remodeling. Meanwhile, CellMatrix displayed good ice resistance and thermal conductivity, which maximally maintained cell viability and proliferation after the freeze–thawing process, allowing for storing precious cells and cell–CellMatrix construct. Thus, CellMatrix represents an all-in-one biomimetic platform for the culture-production-storage of therapeutically qualified cells.