The Gastrointestinal Microbiome in Infant Colic

ABSTRACT: The significant crying of infantile colic adds stress to the infant and their family, yet it has no recognized etiology. Gastrointestinal health problems and dysfunction have been suspected in the etiology of colic. Disruptions to the microbiome colonization of the gastrointestinal system may lead to excess gas and inflammation that are associated with the crying of colic. Infants with colic have increased colonization with gas-producing bacteria, like Escherichia coli and Klebsiella , and they have lower colonization of anti-inflammatory bacteria, like Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus . Colic is known to self-resolve around 3 months of age. However, few researchers have investigated how the microbiome may be changing at colic's natural resolution without the intervention of a probiotic. With a better understanding of what leads to colic's self-resolution, future researchers may be able to identify more effective therapies for colic prevention or treatment. This scoping review presents the collective evidence from 21 original, primary research articles on what is known about the gastrointestinal microbiome at colic onset and resolution.