Diatom materials were collected from Xinjiang during the period from July to August,2001 and July,2007.In the observation,eleven species and one variety of Nitzschia and Denticula(Bacillariophyta) are firstly reported from Xinjiang Province,China.Nine species fall into Nitzschia and they are N.eglei Lange-Bertalot,N.flexa Schumann,N.diversa Hustedt,N.fossilis(Grunow) Grunow,N.gessneri Hustedt,N.inconspicua Grunow,N.radicula Hustedt,N.solita Hustedt and N.valdecostata Lange-Bertalot Simonsen.Two species and one variety belong to Denticula,they are D.creticola(Ostrup) Lange-Bertalot Krammer,D.kuetzingii var.rumrichae Krammer and D.valida(Pedicino) Grunow.The taxonomic characters,LM(light microscope) or SEM(scanning electron microscope) photos and ecological affinities were described for each taxon.