Constructing the indicator system to assess Anhui agricultural sustainable development should involve four sub-systems including the sustainable development of agricultural production,the sustainable development of agricultural economy,the sustainable development of the rural society and the sustainable development of the rural ecology.By employing the principal component analysis,we assessed Anhui Agricultural sustainable development and its development trend(2000-2008),and the findings show that since 2000,Anhui agriculture and its sub-systems enjoyed sound development,but there are still some concrete issues that cannot be ignored.