Continuous spinning aligned liquid crystal elastomer fibers with a 3D printer setup

Fibrous liquid crystalline elastomers (LCE) are an attractive variant of LCE-based actuators due to their small thickness, leading to faster response times to stimuli, as well as the increased mechanical strength. Fabrication of LCE fibers has been attempted by various research groups using electro-spinning or micro-fluidic techniques, without much success. Here we propose an alternative way to achieve single-step continuous spinning LCE fibers in a more scalable and robust way, based on a liquid-ink 3D printer. We demonstrate this technique in our home-made device by dynamically extruding/stretching liquid crystalline oligomer mixed with photo-reactive cross-linker, to fix the aligned network under UV light after extrusion. The report also describes a protocol for material synthesis and identifies optimal conditions for the stable fiber spinning process. Microns-thick LCE fibers with two different compositions have been successfully spun, and demonstrated enhanced mechanical properties with the inherited thermal-actuation capability. This technique also demonstrates the potential to fine-tune the mechanical properties of fibers to enable further development in fiber-based LCE applications.