Enhanced electrochemical performance of multilayer WO 3 /MnO 2 thin films via sputtering on graphene substrate for high-stability supercapacitors

A flexible, binder-free multilayer WO 3 /MnO 2 electrode on graphene delivers high-performance supercapacitor with 494 F g −1 specific capacitance and 89% retention after 10000 cycles, offering a scalable route to next-generation flexible energy storage.