Molecular Networking Reveals Sorbicillinoids Diversity from the Marine-Derived Fungus Trichoderma reesei HK1–12: Key Antibiosis for Biocontrol against Rhizoctonia solani

The chemical diversity of antifungal sorbicillinoids produced by the marine-derived fungus Trichoderma reesei HK1–12 was investigated by using bioassay-guided separation combined with molecular networking technology. A novel sorbicillinoid monomer, trichocillin A (1), along with four known analogues (4–5), was isolated from the fungal cultures. Furthermore, 12 monomeric, dimeric, trimeric, or hybrid sorbicillinoids (6–17) were tentatively identified from the molecular networks, six of which (7, 8, 11–13, and 15) represent previously unreported structures. Vertinolide (2) exhibited antifungal activity against Rhizoctonia solani with an inhibition rate of 90.9% at 50 μg/mL in vitro and comparable in vivo curative effects at 400 μg/mL (66.5%) to those of the spore suspension of HK1–12 (69.8%) and the positive control tebuconazole·trifloxystrobin (71.9%). This study indicated that sorbicillinoids are key antibiosis agents responsible for T. reesei HK1–12 as a potential biocontrol agent of R. solani.