Serumal Lipidomics Reveals the Anti-inflammatory Effect of Flax Lignans and Sinapic Acid in High-Fat-Diet-Fed Mice

Flax lignans (SDG) and sinapic acid (SA) both have the function of antioxidation and anti-inflammation. However, previous studies have focused mainly on biochemical measurements, gene expression analysis, and clinical assessments. There are limited studies that systematically reveal the underlying mechanism of the anti-inflammation effect of SDG or SA from the lipidomic point of view. Herein, the integrated lipidomic profiling platform was used for the analysis of free fatty acids (FFAs), phospholipids (PLs), triacylglycerols (TAGs), and oxylipins in high-fat (HF)-diet-fed mice after SDG or SA administration. Dietary supplementation of SDG or SA downregulated the levels of total TAGs and FFAs in the ApoE–/– mice model. Furthermore, 28 potential lipids were screened out and considered as key evaluation factors to understand the anti-inflammation function and mechanism of SDG and SA. The results indicated that the anti-inflammatory effect of SDG and SA was principally exerted via regulation of lipid homeostasis.