成核
阳极
无定形固体
材料科学
化学物理
纳米结构
纳米技术
电极
高分辨率透射电子显微镜
透射电子显微镜
结晶学
热力学
物理化学
化学
物理
作者
Xuefeng Wang,Gorakh Pawar,Yejing Li,Xiaodi Ren,Minghao Zhang,Bingyu Lu,Abhik Banerjee,Ping Liu,Eric J. Dufek,Ji‐Guang Zhang,Jie Xiao,Jun Li,Ying Shirley Meng,Bor Yann Liaw
出处
期刊:Nature Materials
[Springer Nature]
日期:2020-07-27
卷期号:19 (12): 1339-1345
被引量:152
标识
DOI:10.1038/s41563-020-0729-1
摘要
Controlling nanostructure from molecular, crystal lattice to the electrode level remains as arts in practice, where nucleation and growth of the crystals still require more fundamental understanding and precise control to shape the microstructure of metal deposits and their properties. This is vital to achieve dendrite-free Li metal anodes with high electrochemical reversibility for practical high-energy rechargeable Li batteries. Here, cryogenic-transmission electron microscopy was used to capture the dynamic growth and atomic structure of Li metal deposits at the early nucleation stage, in which a phase transition from amorphous, disordered states to a crystalline, ordered one was revealed as a function of current density and deposition time. The real-time atomic interaction over wide spatial and temporal scales was depicted by the reactive-molecular dynamics simulations. The results show that the condensation accompanied with the amorphous-to-crystalline phase transition requires sufficient exergy, mobility and time to carry out, contrary to what the classical nucleation theory predicts. These variabilities give rise to different kinetic pathways and temporal evolutions, resulting in various degrees of order and disorder nanostructure in nano-sized domains that dominate in the morphological evolution and reversibility of Li metal electrode. Compared to crystalline Li, amorphous/glassy Li outperforms in cycle life in high-energy rechargeable batteries and is the desired structure to achieve high kinetic stability for long cycle life.
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