Automatic cardiac arrhythmias classification using CNN and attention‐based RNN network

Cardiac disease has become a severe threat to public health according to the government report. In China, there are 0.29 billion cardiac patients and early diagnosis will greatly reduce mortality and improve life quality. Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal is a priority tool in the diagnosis of heart diseases because it is non-invasive and easily available with a simple diagnostic tool of low cost. The paper proposes an automatic classification model by combing convolutional neural network (CNN) and recurrent neural network (RNN) to distinguish different types of cardiac arrhythmias. Morphology features of the raw ECG signals are extracted by CNN blocks and fed into a bidirectional gated recurrent unit (GRU) network. Attention mechanism is used to highlight specific features of the input sequence and contribute to the performance improvement of classification. The model is evaluated with two datasets considering the class imbalance problem constructed with records from MIT-BIH arrhythmia database and China Physiological Signal Challenge 2018 database. Experimental results show that this model achieves good performance with an average F1 score of 0.9110 on public dataset and 0.9082 on subject-specific dataset, which may have potential practical applications.