Enhancing the mechanical and antibacterial properties of hydroxyapatite bioceramics by in situ graphene doping to promote osseointegration in infected bone defects

HA ceramics with in situ graphene doping were fabricated by the ball milling and vacuum sintering in a convenient way, which not only enhanced their flexural strength and fracture toughness, but also imparted efficient antibacterial properties to promote osseointegration in infected bone defect.