The development of cathode materials for boosting CO2 conversion in microbial electrosynthesis cells

Microbial electrosynthesis (MES) provides a promising platform for CO2 to value–added chemicals. However, major challenges restricting the development of technology are the pursuit of higher production rates and titers of specific products. Interests has been increasingly dedicated to exploring novel cathode materials to enhance MES performance. This review summarizes developments in cathode materials and structures in MES. The effects of material properties regarding the composition, morphology, and structure on biofilm formation, electron uptake, and CO2 mass transfer during CO2 reduction are addressed and interactions between microorganisms and electrodes are discussed. Finally, the development of a life cycle assessment in MES is introduced regarding the environmental impact of MES and research efforts into trends in cathode development are proposed to drive MES forward to the commercial level.