Carbon Dots and Tumor Antigen Conjugates as Nanovaccines for Elevated Cancer Immunotherapy

Abstract Cancer immunotherapy has become one of the current research hotspots. However, the deficiencies including restricted immunogenicity, insufficient antigen presentation, and low responsive rate limited their therapeutic applications. Own to the small size and excellent biocompatibility, carbon dots (CDs) can serve as nanovectors to improve the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. Herein, a tumor antigen‐based nanovaccines (GMal+B16F10‐Ag and GMal+CT26‐Ag) by the conjugation of CDs with the tumor cell‐derived antigens (B16F10‐Ag and CT26‐Ag) is constructed. These nanovaccines can be effectively taken up by dendritic cells (DC2.4), promote DC cell maturation, cross‐present the antigen to T cells, specifically target B16F10 melanoma or CT26 colon cancers, and inhibit tumor growth distinctly. This work illustrates the promise of CDs acting as versatile carriers for antigen delivery to achieve the optimal immunotherapeutic outcomes.