Rheumatic Heart Disease—A Neglected Tragedy in Young Patients

Ganesan Karthikeyan, DM; Mpiko Ntsekhe, PhD; Shofiqul Islam, PhD; Sumathy Rangarajan, MSc; Alvaro Avezum, PhD; Alexander Benz, MD; Tantchou Tchoumi Jacques Cabral, PhD; Ma Changsheng, MD; Philly Chillo, MD; J. Antonio Gonzalez-Hermosillo, MD; Bernard Gitura, MMed; Albertino Damasceno, PhD; Antonio Miguel L. Dans, MD; Kairat Davletov, MD; Alaa Elghamrawy, MD; Ahmed ElSayed, MD; Golden Tafadzwa Fana, MMed; Lillian Gondwe, MBBS; Abraham Haileamlak, MD; Azhar Mahmood Kayani, MD; Peter Lwabi, MMed; Fathi Maklady, MD; Onkabetse Julia Molefe-Baikai, MMed; John Musuku, MMed; Okechukwu Samuel Ogah, PhD; Maria Paniagua, MD; Emmanuel Rusingiza, MD; Sanjib Kumar Sharma, DM; Liesl Zuhlke, PhD; Stuart Connolly, MD; Salim Yusuf, DPhil; INVICTUS Investigators; Monkgogi Goepamang; Julius Mwita; Auristela Ramos; Flavio Tarasoutchi; Milena Ribeiro Paixao; Marcelo Kirschbaum; Mariana Pezzute Lopes; Walkiria Avila; Lilia Maia; Marcelo Nakazone; Osana Costa; Maria Lemos; Livia Oliveira; Jose Ferreira; Jose Francisco Kerr Saraiva; Midia Costa; Marina Marengo; Oscar Dutra; Raphael Guimaraes; Humberto Vaz; Sergio Luiz Zimmerman; Weimar Souza; Weimar Queiroz; Adriana Souza; Maria Helena Vidotti; Jose Guilherme de Paula; Guilherme Fazolli; Mauro Hernandes ; Jose Luiz Torati; Grazielly Pantano; Vanessa Pelarin; Flavia Arantes; Rodrigo Silva; Monique Cardoso; Gilmar Reis; Cesar Franca; Tulio Quadros; Flavio Giorgeto; Resende Elmiro; Silva Aguinaldo; Cesar Minelli; Helen Mbuoh Anshoma; Jean Claude Ambassa; Liliane Mfevkev Kuate; Chris Nadege Nganou Gninotio; Ngo Youmba Ntep Gweth; Dzudie Anastase; Djomou Ngongang Florent Armel; Lionel Nana Keptukoua; Xin Du; Rong Hu; Jiahui Wu; Qiang Lv; Jing Cui; Yu Qing; Zhu Xudong; Wei Su; Wang Xiaomei; Chen Shiyi; Zhang Zhipeng; Qi Wang; Xin Zheng; Liu Pengfei; Cheng Rang; Sitao Xie; Chongwen Liu; Hailong Wang ; Shudong Wang; Xuxia Zhang; Yinzhu Lian; Rui Wang; Ma Mingfu; Lan Dou Li ; Yunlian Tan; Shouyan Zhang; Gu Yunfei; Chen Jianfeng; Wang Hao; Wu Pengyu; Luan Hong; Li Fu; Xu Yongbin; Xiao Jundan; Li Qingfu; Jinpo Sun ; Cui Pei; Yanbo Niu; Yidi Wu; Honghua Yang; Xin Li; Chunyan Yang ; Yanhui Shi; Chenglin Wu; Yandong Qu ; Mingzhong Zhao; Yong Cheng; Yiqiang Yuan; Qiong Huang; Xiuzhen Kong; Zhizhong Zhao; Qixia Heng; Xinjing Shi; Jing Zhang; Liu Ying; Gao Xin; Zhaoping Yu; Xi Wu; Guo Hunayu; Wang Xiaoying; Wei Zhang; Chichang Li; Wang Zhongtao; Hao Ding; Min Huang; Zhao Jinguo; Mingshui Yu; Cuiling Cao; Xiaoli Zhu; Xiaoqin Shi; Khalid Eltamawy; Osama Arafa; Mahmoud Youssif; Aly Kassem; Omar Saleh; Mohamed Hussam Al Shair; Khaled Maghraby; Sameh Shaheen; Aly Ahmed Abouelhoda; Suliman Gharib; Ramadan Sadek; Yasser Abd El Hady; Elsah Asefa; Esayas Kebede Gudina; Ermias Habte Michael; Tadesse Dukessa Gemechu; Markos Duguma; Dejuma Yadeta; Berhanu N Alemu; Sintayehu Abebe; Tamrat Assefa; Desalew Mekonnen; Tigist Seleshi; Chala Fekadu; Abraha Hailu; Hagazi Tesfay; Berhane Yohannes Hailu; Hagos Kahsay; Kibreab Gidey; Teklay Gebrehawaria; Samuel Berhane; Teshome Abegaz Kamil; Tariku Egeno Shifa; Agete Tedewos Hirigo; Sisay Tesfaye Teshome; Seyife Kibru Yirdaw; Sandeep Singh; Nitish Naik; Deepti Siddharthan; Satyavir Yadav; Mohit Gupta; Girish MP; Ajay Sharma; Bhagya Narayan Pandit; Kumar Sudeep; Kapoor Aditya; Akshyaya Pradhan; Rishi Sethi; Gaurav Chaudhry; Yaday Virendra; Agarwal Smriti; Cholenahally Manjnath; Surya Prakash Narayanappa; Cholenahally Satvic; Lachikarthman Devegowda; Chandra Bhan Meena; Rajiv Bagarhatta; Shashi Mohan Sharma; Shekhar Kunal; Nutan Kumar; Alibek Mereke; Elijah Ogola; Wilson Sugut; Felix Barasa; Anthony Gikonyo; Stephen Omondi; Frank Sinyiza; John Chipolombwe; Tamara Phiri; Laura Leticia Rodriguez Chavez; Ernesto Gutierrez; Fransisco Mazon Flores; Edgar Rodriguez; Susano Lara Vaca; Juan Cabra; Sandra Saavedra; Manuel De los Rios; Gilmer Ruvalcaba; Esteban Lopez; Marco Alcocer; Ana Ramirez; Guillermo Llamas; Paola Hernandez; Angelica Delgado; Ana Muholove; Angela Mateus; Ana Mocumbi; Jyoti Agarwal; Roshan Chhetri; Prashant Mani Tripathi; Chandra Mani Adhikari; Urmila Shakya; Dipanker Prajapati; Reeju Manandhar; Rajesh Nepal; Sahadeb Prasad Dhungana; Rinku Ghimire; Sunil Babu Khanal; Samir Gautam; Mazhar Khan; Bishal KC; Shankar Laudari; Madhu Gupta; Shyam Raj Regmi; Bishnu Mani Dhital; Sudhir Regmi; Krishna Adhikari; Bhagawan Koirala; Ratnamani Gajurel; Hemant Shrestha; Sanjeev Thapa; ADESEYE AKINTUNDE; Taiwo Olunuga; Julius Adesina; Mahmoud Sani; Fidelia Bode-Thomas; Basil Okeahialam; Christopher Yilgwan; Ganiyu Amusa; Olukemi IGE; Solomon Danbauchi; Abiodun Moshood Adeoye; Ejiroghene Umuerri; Amam Mbakwem; Casmir Amadi; Oyewole Kushimo; Muhammad Isa; Muhammad Awwal Abdullahi; Nelson Oguanobi; Zohaib Ullah Zahid; Jabar Ali; Mohammad Hafizullah; Feroz Memon; Shazia Kazi; Azhar Mahmood Kayani; Adeel Rehman; Abdul Wajid Khan Faisal; Aftab Ahmad Tarique; Abdul Sattar; Nadeem Hayat Mallick; Syed Asif Ali; Veronica Mayans; Luciano Pereira; Jose Alderete; Javier Galeano; Alberto Moran Salinas; Rocío del Pilar Falcón; Gustavo Escalada; Luz Cabral; Liz Fatecha; Gladys Bogado de Atobe; Carlos Gutierrez; Cesar Delmas; Claudine Coronel; Dahiana Ibarrola; Jose Donato Magno; Lauren Kay Evangelista; Maria Teresa Abola; Leahdette Padua; Christie Mendoza-Reyes; Dennis Jose Sulit; Ma Jojo Mercado; Candy Angelica Sigua Cabaddu; Josefina Cruz; Jean Marie Vianney Ganza Gapira; Vincent Dusingizimana; Blanche Cupido; John Lawrenson; KISHENDREE NAICKER; JACQUELINE RACHELLE CIROTA; Sliwa Hahnle Karen; Mookenthottathil Thomas Baby; Kandathil Mathew Thomas; MOEKETSI KHULILE; Samuel Yao Alomatu; PINDILE MNTLA; MAKGOTSANE MPHAHLELE; Andrew Ratsela; Pravin Manga; Doné Fourie ; Allana Hemus; Ellen M Makotoko; A K M NOWSHAD ALAM; Richard Nethononda; Theema Nunkoo; Ruchika Meel; Elsadig Askar; Amna Elfaki; Lana Mohamed; Mohammed ElSayed; Alia Hagahmed; Sumia Mohammed; Hiba Algaali; Khalid Eltalib; Tagwa S. I. Badawe; Inas Hassab Elrasoul Kbashi; Huda Hamid Elhassan; Maysa Hamza; Molhim M.I. Ahmed ; Rayan Elhussain; Rufaida Mutwali; Mohammad Qurashi Ahmed Medani; Nazar F.A. Mohamed; Hwida A.M. Elamin; Manal H.A. Elmadih; Maha Abdelgader; Magdi (Gameel) Yousif; Tagwa Elfatih; Osama Hafiz Elshazali; Elaf Esmaeel Esawi; Awad A.M.A. Mohammed; Omer I.A. Hassan; Khansa Mahgoub; Maarib Maki; Omaima A.M.Abozaid; Naiz Majani; Emmanuel Stephano Mtullo; Clement Kabakama; Issakwisa Mwakyula; John Meda; Emmy Okello; Pamela Chansa; Ngosa Mumba; Fastone Goma; Caroline Musemwa; Rudo Gwini