Polyphenol-rich extract from Torreya grandis peel attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in RAW264.7 macrophages via inhibition of the TLR4/NF-κB pathway

) with TLR4 and NF-κBp65 proteins, primarily through hydrogen bonding, π-stacking interactions, and van der Waals forces. These results suggest that these compounds play a central role in the anti-inflammatory activity of TGAP. Overall, TGAP is a promising natural anti-inflammatory agent, with potential therapeutic applications in inflammatory disorders.