Hierarchical Co3O4 microspheres via dual-metal doping-induced nanorod self-assembly: toward high-efficiency bifunctional cathode catalysts for Li–O2 batteries

The introduction of Cu and Mn can regulate the directional growth of Co 3 O 4 nanorods, reduce the aggregation of small particles, and change the ratio of Co 3+ /Co 2+ , thereby achieving excellent catalytic performance.