Unveiling the neuroprotective mystery of Kaixinsan: identifying and validating the neuroprotective ingredients under the perspective of gut – brain axis regulation

-induced neuronal apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells. Finally, Ginsenoside Rg1, Ginsenoside Ro, α-asarone, 2,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid, and 3',6-disinapoylsucrose were found to be the potential active ingredients of KXS.