Anti-photoaging effect and the mechanism of Coreopsis tinctoria okanin against UVB-induced skin damage in mice

Long-term exposure to ultraviolet radiation may cause photoaging of skin tissues. Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt. riches a variety of flavonoids with strong antioxidant activities. In the present study, the main antioxidant flavonoid was isolated from C. tinctoria and identified as okanin by Mass spectrum and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Okanin was found to effectively reduce the malondialdehyde content, increase various intracellular antioxidant enzyme activities, relieve epidermal hyperplasia and dermal damage caused by UVB irradiation, and increase the collagen fibers' content in the dorsal skin tissue of mice. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that okanin effectively counteracted the photoaging effect of UVB-induced by down-regulating IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, and COX-2, and up-regulating COL-1, COL-3, and HYP expression. In addition, okanin can inhibit skin photoaging by regulating TNF-β/Smad2-3, MAPK, P13K/AKT, and NF-κB signaling pathways. In particular, the three key markers of photoaging, MMP (MMP-1/-3/-9), were down-regulated and five collagen synthesis genes (COL1A1, COL3A1, COL5A2, COL6A1, and COL7A1) were up-regulated, underlines the direct anti-photoaging mechanism of okanin in preventing collagen degradation and promoting collagen synthesis. The current investigation provides new insights into the great potential of okanin in alleviating skin photoaging and lays theoretical references for the development ofanti-photoaging products.