Modeling drug transport and absorption in subcutaneous injection of monoclonal antibodies: Impact of tissue deformation, devices, and physiology

The pharmaceutical industry has experienced a remarkable increase in the use of subcutaneous injection of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), attributed mainly to its advantages in reducing healthcare-related costs and enhancing patient compliance. Despite this growth, there is a limited understanding of how tissue mechanics, physiological parameters, and different injection devices and techniques influence the transport and absorption of the drug. In this work, we propose a high-fidelity computational model to study drug transport and absorption during and after subcutaneous injection of mAbs. Our numerical model includes large-deformation mechanics, fluid flow, drug transport, and blood and lymphatic uptake. Through this computational framework, we analyze the tissue material responses, plume dynamics, and drug absorption. We analyze different devices, injection techniques, and physiological parameters such as BMI, flow rate, and injection depth. Finally, we compare our numerical results against the experimental data from the literature.