Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory material basis of Lagotis brachystachya in HepG2 and THP-1 cells

Maxim is a traditional ethnic medicine commonly used in Tibet. In Tibetan medicine theory, Lagotis brachystachya is mainly used for the treatment of inflammatory related diseases. However, the active components and mechanism of the anti-inflammatory activity of Lagotis brachystachya are not clear.The putative anti-inflammatory active compounds from Lagotis brachystachya Maxim and its anti-inflammation related mechanism involving in the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB and NLRP3 signaling pathways were investigated.In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory activity and mechanism of 32 compounds extracted from Lagotis brachystachya in HepG2 and THP-1 cells using the alcohol-induced HepG2 cell injury model and the monosodium urate (MSU) combined with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced THP-1 cell inflammation model.The results found that six compounds, including Echinacoside, Quercetin, Homoplantaginin, Tricin-7-O-glucoside, Apigenin and Luteolin-7-O-beta-d-glucopyranoside, were shown to exhibit significant anti-inflammatory effects in both cell models. Furthermore, these compounds were shown to inhibit the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB and NLRP3 signaling pathways and reduce the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 in both cell models.These findings suggest that Echinacoside, Quercetin, Homoplantaginin, Tricin-7-O-glucoside, Apigenin and Luteolin-7-O-beta-d-glucopyranoside from Lagotis brachystachya have promising potential as natural anti-inflammatory agents for the treatment of inflammatory-related diseases. The discovery of bioactive compounds from this plant opens up possibilities for the development of novel treatments for inflammatory-related diseases, potentially providing alternative or adjunctive options to conventional therapies.