The effect of self‐management intervention among type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

BACKGROUND: Using self-management interventions in type 2 diabetes care helps to regulate blood sugar levels, reduce caregiver burden, improve health outcomes, and improve expense management. Despite these benefits, the efficacy of self-management interventions for type 2 diabetes care remains uncertain, with studies showing inconclusive results that are open to interpretation. AIMS: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the available data to determine the effectiveness of self-management strategies for individuals with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: The search method was restricted to the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PubMed, ProQuest, Science Direct, and Scopus from January 2012 to December 2022. SPSS version 28 was used for the meta-analysis. RESULTS: Seven studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria, with 697 individuals with type 2 diabetes included. Six papers were designed as randomized control trials and one as a quasi-experimental study. Meta-analysis showed a significant difference between the self-management and control groups, with a standardized mean difference (Cohen's d) of -0.40, (95% confidence interval [-0.60 to -0.20]), p = .00. LINKING EVIDENCE TO ACTION: This meta-analysis showed that self-management interventions in type 2 diabetes patients successfully reduced HbA1c. Self-management improves type 2 diabetes treatment by helping people stay healthy and adapt to their illnesses.