Vías de señalización que participan en la regulación de la lipólisis en adipocitos

Lipids are essential macronutrients in human nutrition due to their multiple biological functions. In addition to its fundamental role in cellular structures, lipids are energy storage molecules. Hydrolysis of triacylglycerols stored in adipocytes, a process called lipolysis, contributes to the increase of fatty acid plasma concentration. Fatty acids are oxidative fuel for tissues such as heart, liver, skeletal muscle and kidney. Lipolysis is initiated by hormonal action that triggers signalling cascades. This signalling mechanism activates a hormone sensitive triacylglycerol lipase, which mobilizes neutral fat reserves. Lipolysis is part of a complex scheme of metabolic pathways; therefore it needs to be regulated by specific enzymes, substrates availability, phosphorylation, dephosphorylation or allosteric mechanisms, so it can be integrated in the diverse cellular metabolic activities. In the present review, information of different mediators which can control lipid mobilization in human adipocytes has been compiled and how this process can maintain the body energy homeostasis, in response to physical demand.