Patent ductus arteriosus in the premature neonate.

This article has reviewed current thought on the pathophysiology, medical management, and nursing implications of PDA in the premature newborn. The ductus arteriosus is a normal vascular channel that provides a route for blood flow to the descending aorta in the fetus; and it is an abnormal channel in the newborn that allows additional pulmonary blood flow to be shunted from the higher pressured aorta. Left heart volume overload and additional insults in connection with concurrent RDS and BPD were discussed. Current management for closure advocates indomethacin administration, and ligation, should indomethacin fail or be contraindicated. Continued patency with prostaglandin administration is the objective in cyanotic neonates with congenital heart disease and diminished pulmonary blood flow and in acyanotic neonates with aortic arch abnormalities that lead to decreased descending aortic flow. Nursing responsibilities encompass the well-being of the newborn as well as the family. The neonate must be assessed frequently for signs of cardiopulmonary deterioration. The neonate's responses to drug administration must be monitored for their effect on the ductus and the minimization of side effects. Care of the parents regarding support and information was discussed.