This lecture is addressed to practicing neurologists and is based on the analysis of medical literature data and our own clinical-epidemiological (1000 population representatives) as well as clinical examination of 90 hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies cases. The main characteristic features of this disease syndromes, etiology, pathogen, pathomorphology, sanogeny, the peculiarities of motive, sensitive and vegetative dysfunctions are described in this lecture. The meaning of electroneuromiography which allows revealing the reduction of speed in impulse conveyance and the increase of residual latency in all peripheral nerves of a sick person and his sound relatives is underlined. The original diagnostic algorithm is given. Treatment methods, rehabilitation and prophylaxis are also described.