Rho/ROCK-MYOCD in regulating airway smooth muscle growth and remodeling

Abnormal airway remodeling is a common pathological change seen in chronic respiratory diseases. Altered proliferation and differentiation of airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) are the major components of airway remodeling, and the resultant structural abnormalities are difficult to restore. Understanding of airway smooth muscle regulation is urgently needed to identify potential intervention targets. MYOCD (or myocardin) and myocardin-related transcription factors (MRTFs) are key cotranscription factors in muscle growth, which have not been extensively investigated in airway smooth muscle cells. In addition, the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway is known to play an important role in airway remodeling partly through regulating the proliferation and differentiation of ASMCs, which may be connected with MYOCD/MRTF cotranscription factors [Kumawat et al. ( Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 311: L529–L537, 2016); Lagna et al. ( J Biol Chem 282: 37244–37255, 2007)]. This review focuses on this newly recognized and potentially important RhoA/ROCK-MYOCD/MRTFs pathway in controlling airway smooth muscle growth and remodeling.