Synthesis strategies, functionalization, and biomedical applications of MOF/MXene hybrid composites

As constructed by metal ions and organic linkers, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have many benefits such as exceptional pore structure, versatility, and multi-functionality. MXenes are a new class of two-dimensional transition metal carbides and nitrides, and have attracted significant attention due to the exceptional electrical conductivity, mechanical robustness, and hydrophilic nature. However, MOFs suffer difficulties such as instability and low electrical conductivity while MXenes are susceptible to oxidation, which can compromise structural integrity and diminish functionality. The integration of MXenes and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) has created cutting-edge developing materials that can solve these problems. Herein, we review the synthesis strategies and surface functionalization of MOF/Mxene-based composites and derivatives. The synthesis strategies for MOF/MXene hybrids primarily employ with two main pathways including in-situ and ex-situ mixing methods. The surface functionalization of MOF/Mxene-based composites such as in-situ polymerization was examined. These functionalization strategies bring MOF/MXene-based composites for potential biomedical applications such as drug delivery, wound healing antibiotic and biosensing activities. Although there are many issues such as toxicity and biocompatibility, MOF/MXene-based composites and derivatives may be still applied in the diverse fields.