Ultra-high order mode-assisted optical differentiator for edge detection with high tunability

An optical spatial differentiator based on the photonic spin Hall effect (PSHE) with high tunability is presented. By utilizing the characteristics of ultra-high order modes in the symmetrical metal cladding waveguide, the Fresnel reflection coefficient spectrum exhibits a narrow peak width and low trough at the resonant incident angles, resulting in high sensitivity to changes in the incident angle-induced spatial shift caused by the PSHE (the highest ∂(|r s /r p |)/∂ θ value can reach 10 7 ). After polarization transformation and extinction, the output field demonstrates differential operation with respect to the input field. When applied to edge detection, our differentiator can achieve tunable resolution edge images by adjusting the incident angle. Our proposed edge detection scheme has potential applications for cellular and molecular imaging through two-dimensional extension via the target rotation.