Research Progress of Electrolytes and Electrodes for Lithium‐ and Sodium‐Ion Batteries at Extreme Temperatures

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have recently received considerable attention in electrical energy storage (EES) systems due to their sustainability, high energy density, and superior energy conversion efficiency. However, with the expansion of energy storage application scenarios, the ability of batteries to operate under extreme conditions, especially low and high temperatures, is becoming increasingly important. Therefore, extending the operating temperature of electrochemically stable and safe LIBs and SIBs has become a critical research topic. In this review, the failure mechanism of batteries under extreme conditions and at the same time the problems faced by LIBs and SIBs in electrolyte and electrode materials are discussed, and various targeted optimization strategies are proposed. Additionally, the performance of LIBs and SIBs in such environments is compared, drawing an instructive understanding. Finally, a summary and perspective are presented for improving the battery electrochemical performance at low and high temperatures, respectively. Overall, this review aims to provide design guidelines for future LIBs and SIBs with high performance under extreme conditions.