Synergic interface passivation with potassium citrate as an eco-friendly conductive adhesive in perovskite solar cells

As a conductive adhesive, C 6 H 5 K 3 O 7 could induce a heterogeneous nucleation for high quality perovskite to passivate the defect in SnO 2 /perovskite interface, achieving the self-encapsulation at the grain boundaries near buried interface.