Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Liver Diseases and Recent Developments

Introduction: The intestine, as an important part of the human gastrointestinal tract, provides a favorable milieu for the growth and development of a diverse and large population (approximately 1000 species) of bacteria. Currently, the presence of a cohesive relationship between intestinal bacteria and the host is being well studied and identified. According to the available scientific evidence, the establishment of conditions of imbalance (dysbiosis) in the number and diversity of intestinal microbiome causes the onset/progression of acute and chronic liver disorders (fatty liver, cirrhosis, and liver autoimmune disease). Therefore, modifying the balance and creating conditions of microbial eubiosis by fecal microbiota transplantation can be considered as a novel and host-compatible biological approach in the supportive treatment of liver diseases. Consequently, in the present study, while referring to investigations related to the focus of intestinal microbiome and their relation to liver diseases, the existing scientific evidence on the clinical efficacy of fecal microbiota transplantation in the treatment of some liver diseases and recent advances are discussed. Conclusion: Both basic science research and clinical studies have proven that the fecal microbiota transplantation method can effectively strengthen and improve the gut microbiota during acute and chronic liver diseases, rebuild and restore the balance of the gut microbiome, and accelerate the patient's recovery.