Phase change materials for lithium-ion battery thermal management systems: A review

The performance of lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries is significantly influenced by temperature variations, necessitating the implementation of a battery thermal management system (BTMS) to ensure optimal operation. A phase change material (PCM)-based BTMS stands out at present because of its cost-effectiveness and ability to maintain temperature uniformity. The crux of employing PCM in BTMS lies in preserving the structural integrity of the PCM material and ensuring its thermal conductivity matches the required specifications. In light of this, this paper offers a comprehensive review of the most recent advancements in PCM-based BTMS, encompassing both high-temperature cooling and low-temperature heating applications. Concerning PCM-based cooling systems, the paper presents an overview of diverse functional material modifications applied to PCM for BTMS purposes. In the context of PCM-based heating systems, it surveys the ongoing research endeavors involving various PCM types integrated into BTMS solutions. Furthermore, this paper deliberates on the prevailing technical challenges and outlines potential avenues for future research in the realm of PCM-based BTMS. In designing BTMS systems, the findings and insights derived from this study can be a valuable resource.