The total contents of five anthraquinones including aloe-emodin,rhein,emodin,chrysophanol,and physcion in cultivateded and wild Rheum tanguticum from Qinghai Province were analyzed by HPLC.The results showed that the total contents of five anthraquinones in cultivated Rheum tanguticum growing two,three and four years were 1.21%,2.01% and 1.62%,respectively,and the total contents of five anthraquinones in three and four years cultivated Rheum tanguticum were all achieved officinal standard.The total contents of five anthraquinones in wild Rheum were 3.64% and higher than that in cultivated Rheum.