动能
消散
射弹
粒状材料
耗散系统
机械
粒子(生态学)
结块
下降(电信)
星团(航天器)
材料科学
扩散
能量转移
物理
热力学
经典力学
化学物理
复合材料
程序设计语言
地质学
冶金
海洋学
电信
计算机科学
作者
Hiroaki Katsuragi,Jürgen Blum
标识
DOI:10.1103/physrevlett.121.208001
摘要
The impact-induced energy transfer and dissipation in granular targets without any confining walls are studied by microgravity experiments. A solid projectile impacts into a granular target at low impact speed ($0.045 \leq v_p \leq 1.6$~m~s$^{-1}$) in a laboratory drop tower. Granular clusters consisting of soft or hard particles are used as targets. Porous dust agglomerates and glass beads are used for soft and hard particles, respectively. The expansion of the granular target cluster is recorded by a high-speed camera. Using the experimental data, we find that (i)~a simple energy scaling can explain the energy transfer in both, soft- and hard-particles granular targets, (ii)~the kinetic impact energy is isotropically transferred to the target from the impact point, and (iii)~the transferred kinetic energy is $2$~-~$7$\% of the projectile's initial kinetic energy. The dissipative-diffusion model of energy transfer can quantitatively explain these behaviors.
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