Tin Oxide (SnOx) as Universal “Light‐Soaking” Free Electron Extraction Material for Organic Solar Cells

In organic solar cells (OSCs), the necessity of UV activation that comes with the use of ZnO- and TiOx-based electron extraction layers (EELs) can be avoided by using tin oxide (SnOx), which can be prepared at temperatures as low as 80 °C. In contrast to devices based on TiOx and ZnO, OSCs comprising SnOx as the EEL show well-behaved solar cell characteristics with a high fill factor (FF) and high efficiency, even without the UV spectral range of the AM1.5 solar spectrum.