Vitamin D inhibits the development of colorectal cancer cells by regulating the gut microbiota and immune microenvironment using JAKSTAT signaling pathway

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether vitamin D modulates gut microbiota and the colorectal cancer (CRC) immune microenvironment through the vitamin D receptor (VDR)-JAK-STAT signaling pathway. METHODS: T cells, regulatory T cells (Treg), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were compared across the groups. RESULTS: < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Vitamin D inhibits excessive activation of the JAK-STAT pathway through VDR activation, ameliorates gut microbiota dysbiosis, restores butyrate metabolism, and rebalances macrophage polarization.