Constructing a Ca-rich protective layer on the anode for high-performance aqueous zinc-ion batteries

A biocompatible calcium-rich protective layer (Ca 10 (OH) 2 (PO 4 ) 6 , CHP) is constructed on zinc anodes, effectively suppressing dendrite growth and side reactions. The Zn@CHP symmetric cell achieves an ultralong lifespan of 1180 h at 5 mA cm −2 .