Surface bioelectric dry Electrodes: A review

The surface bioelectric sensors in contact with human skin is a key component of Long-term wearable health monitoring systems (LWHMs), bioelectric signals generated by living cells or tissues are closely related to the health status of the human body, and bioelectric sensors are used to record such signals. Compared to conventional Ag/AgCl wet electrodes, surface bioelectric dry electrodes (SBDEs) offer significant advantages in terms of ease of use, biocompatibility and long-term stability. Therefore, the research focus has shifted to the study of dry electrodes, which can be used without gels. This paper provides a detailed overview of the research progress of SBDEs and a comprehensive introduction to their measurement principles, different types of SBDEs (flat film dry electrodes, surface micro/nano-structured dry electrodes and textile dry electrodes) and evaluation test methods, analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of SBDEs and their prospects, and provides some inspiration for the development of high-performance SBDEs.