Hafnium and Hafnium Compounds

Abstract The article contains sections titled: 1 Introduction 2 Physical Properties 3 Chemical Properties 4 Occurrence and Raw Materials 5 Production 5.1 Ore Cracking 5.2 Separation of Zirconium 5.3 Winning of Metallic Hafnium 5.4 Refining 6 Environmental Protection 7 Quality Specifications 8 Analysis 9 Storage and Transportation 10 Uses 11 Economic Aspects 12 Hafnium Compounds 12.1 Hafnium Borides 12.2 Hafnium Tetrahydroborate 12.3 Hafnium Carbide 12.4 Hafnium Halides 12.5 Hafnium Hydride 12.6 Hafnium Nitride 12.7 Hafnium Dioxide 12.8 Other Derivatives 13 Toxicology and Occupational Health References