Reactive Oxygen Species-Responsive Microgels Loaded with Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor─Engineered Endothelial Extracellular Vesicles for Diabetic Wound Healing via Microenvironment Reprogramming

, P-MG@vEVs efficiently scavenged ROS, modulated macrophage polarization toward the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype, and enhanced angiogenesis. In streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice, P-MG@vEVs efficiently reprogrammed the damaged cutaneous microenvironment via regulating key signaling pathways (e.g., HIF-1, IL-17, NF-κB), thereby alleviating inflammation, restoring redox homeostasis, and facilitating neovascularization. These multifaceted effects significantly accelerate wound closure and skin repair, as evidenced by enhanced re-epithelialization and improved collagen deposition. Collectively, this platform integrates the intrinsic bioactivity of VEGF-preconditioned vEVs with the ROS-responsive delivery capability of the microgel carrier, offering a highly promising strategy for diabetic wound management.