Experimental Determination on the Deactivation Kinetics of Residue Hydroprocessing in a Two-Stage Fixed Bed Loaded with HDM and HDS Catalysts

Residue catalytic hydrogenation was carried out in a two-stage downflow fixed-bed reactor system, with a HDM catalyst in the first stage and HDS catalyst in the second one, to mimic the industrial operation. The experiments were run at five sets of temperatures (395 °C (first reactor)/405 °C (second reactor), 400 °C/410 °C, 405 °C/415 °C, 410 °C/420 °C, and 420 °C/430 °C). It was found that the initial stage deactivation was mainly caused by the rapid deposition of coke. Gradually, the deposition of metal sulfides leads to a slow deactivation in the middle stage of operation. A deactivation model that considers the catalyst activity as a function of TOS was proposed and applied to the hydrotreating reaction. The deactivation parameters of HDCCR, HDS, HDNi, and HDV in the two reactors were obtained by fitting the experimental data at the outlet of the two reactors. According to the deactivation curves of catalysts, it is proposed that the deactivation of HDM catalyst is faster than that of HDS catalyst, and multi-bed hydrogenation can effectively increase the catalyst life.