Effect of TiO2 Additions on the Properties of Bioactive Granulated Materials of the TiO2–SiO2–P2O5/СаO(ZnO) System

Abstract— Tokem-250 cation exchanger-based granulated materials of the TiO2–SiO2–P2O5/СаO(ZnO) system have been synthesized in solution by a sol–gel process. The scaffold of the material consists of TiO2–SiO2–P2O5 and its interior is filled with CaO (ZnO) (TiO2–SiO2–P2O5/CaO and TiO2–SiO2–P2O5/ZnO samples). The Tokem-250 carboxylic cation exchange resin has high selectivity for Ca2+ and Zn2+ ions, which allows it to be used in biomaterials design because calcium is one of the building blocks of bone tissue and zinc has a direct stimulating effect on the formation of bone tissue and offers antibacterial properties. To obtain Tokem-250 cation exchanger-based granulated composite materials, the total exchange capacity of the Tokem-250 cation exchange resin and its sorption capacity for Ca2+ and Zn2+ have been determined using Trilon titration. We have found heat treatment conditions that ensure a uniform structure of the material: at 150, 250, and 350°C for 30 min at each temperature, followed by annealing at 600°C for 6 h and at 800°C for 1 h. The addition of zinc oxide has an advantageous effect on the ability of the material to form a calcium phosphate layer on its surface, and the samples thus prepared can be used for further investigation.