Development of a Stretchable, Bioadhesive Dual-Network Hydrogel for Bioelectronic Interfaces

Development of non-invasive bioelectronic devices necessitates the establishment of stable, long-term, and safe interfacial connections between artificial components and biological tissues. Conventional rigid electrodes face two critical limitations: (1) The mechanical mismatch between solid metallic components and soft skin tissues results in insufficient interfacial contact, compromising signal acquisition quality; (2) Prolonged direct metal-tissue contact induces discomfort and raises biocompatibility concerns. To address these challenges, we developed a multifunctional stretchable hydrogel with integrated tissue adhesion properties through molecular engineering of N-hydroxysuccinimide ester (AAC-NHS) within a doublenetwork architecture. This innovative design enables durable covalent bonding with biological surfaces while maintaining high toughness and shape-adaptable properties, ensuring both mechanical compliance and stable electrical signal transmission. Systematic characterization revealed exceptional adhesion performance. Through strategic integration of this hydrogel as an interfacial layer in electrode design, we achieved a conformal bioelectronic interface that maintains high conductivity while demonstrating long-term adhesion stability. The developed electrode system shows significant potential for enabling continuous electrophysiological monitoring applications, particularly in scenarios requiring reliable tissue-device integration over extended durations. This advancement provides a material foundation for next-generation biocompatible bioelectronics supporting chronic implantation and precision diagnostics.