Differential expression of lncRNAs and mRNAs in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells under continuous and intermittent teriparatide treatment

A deeper understanding of how teriparatide exerts its anabolic effects on bone tissue may open new avenues for osteoanabolic treatment. Our study aimed to identify long non-coding RNAs and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) regulated by teriparatide. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were treated with teriparatide during osteogenic differentiation, and long RNA sequencing was performed. We identified 7 622 differentially expressed lncRNAs in both continuous and intermittent treatment groups compared to untreated MSCs. In intermittent treatment, the most upregulated lncRNAs were VCP, EMP1, OXA1L, LPP, and SCARB2, while in continuous treatment, they were XLOC_055533, SCARB2, HNRNPC, VCP, and CALM3. The most downregulated lncRNAs in intermittent treatment were KRTAP4-11, DUBR, MEG3, DIABLO, and ABI3BP, while in continuous treatment, they were XLOC_055164, SLC2A3, COPG1, and SMTN. Among mRNAs, the most upregulated in intermittent treatment were DNAJC25-GNG10, ZBTB4, SLC2A6, TMEM189-UBE2V1, and BDP1, whereas SLC2A6, ZBTB4, MX1, BDP1, and RSAD2 were the most upregulated in continuous treatment. The most downregulated mRNAs in intermittent treatment were PIP4K2B, GFI1B, ISY1-RAB43, AC010422.5, SESN2 and ISY1-RAB43, whereas ZDBF2, KLKB1, RPS10-NUDT3, and XLOC_055092 were the most downregulated mRNAs in continuous treatment. AC008622.2, MED17, and RNF213 emerged as the most critical lncRNAs for elucidating the mechanism of intermittent teriparatide therapy, while XLOC_055533, SPG7, and HOOK3 were highlighted as the most important lncRNAs in the continuous treatment. Additionally, we identified novel lncRNAs (KRTAP4-11, CEBPZOS, and CDC42SE2) that may have a role in teriparatide effects on MSCs. Identified lncRNAs and mRNAs could serve as therapeutic targets or diagnostic markers to improve osteoanabolic treatments.